《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》原文及对照翻译

《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》原文及对照翻译

一、引言

《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》是我国古代著名思想家、政治家、文学家孟子所写的一篇寓言故事。故事讲述了邹忌以自己与妻、妾、客三人的关系，巧妙地讽喻齐王纳谏，使齐王广开言路，从而实现国家繁荣昌盛的故事。本文将从原文及对照翻译两个方面，对《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》进行解读。

二、原文解读

1. 原文

齐人有邹忌者，修八尺有余，而形貌昳丽。朝服衣冠，窥镜而自视，谓其妻曰：“我孰与城北徐公美？”其妻曰：“君美甚，徐公何能及君也！”城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。忌不自信，而复问其妾曰：“吾孰与徐公美？”妾曰：“徐公何能及君也？”旦日，客从外来，与坐谈，问之客曰：“吾与徐公孰美？”客曰：“徐公不若君之美也。”明日，徐公来，孰与忌美，自以为不如；窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。暮，寝而思之，谓其妻曰：“吾妻之美我者，私我也；妾之美我者，畏我也；客之美我者，欲有求于我也。今吾问之，皆以我为美，自谓不如，吾乃自谓美矣。吾与徐公孰美，可乎？”妻曰：“君美矣，徐公何能及君也！”明日，客从外来，与坐谈，问之客曰：“吾与徐公孰美？”客曰：“徐公之美，不及君之美也。”明日，徐公来，孰与忌美，自以为不如；窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。明日，邹忌朝见齐王，曰：“臣诚知不如徐公美。臣之妻私臣，臣之妾畏臣，臣之客欲有求于臣。今齐地方千里，带甲百万，宫妇左右，莫不私王；朝廷之臣，莫不畏王；四境之内，莫不有求于王。由此观之，王之蔽甚矣！”王曰：“善。”乃下令：“群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏；上书谏寡人者，受中赏；能谤讥于市朝，闻寡人之耳者，受下赏。”令初下，群臣进谏，门庭若市。数月之后，时时而间进。期年之后，虽欲言，无可进者。

2. 解读

（1）邹忌以自己的外貌为引子，向妻、妾、客询问自己与徐公的美貌，巧妙地表达了自己对齐王纳谏的期望。

（2）邹忌通过自己的亲身经历，揭示了齐王身边的宫妇、朝臣、百姓对齐王的私心、畏惧和求利，从而说明齐王被蒙蔽的程度之深。

（3）邹忌以自己的故事讽喻齐王，使齐王认识到纳谏的重要性，下令广开言路，接受群臣、百姓的谏言。

三、对照翻译

1. 翻译

There was a man named Zi Ji in the state of Qi, who was over eight feet tall and had an attractive appearance. One day, while wearing his official attire and looking at himself in a mirror, he asked his wife, "Who is more beautiful, me or Xu Gong from the north of the city?" His wife replied, "You are so beautiful, how can Xu Gong compare to you?" Xu Gong was known for his beauty in the whole state of Qi. Zi Ji was not confident enough and asked his concubine, "Who is more beautiful, me or Xu Gong?" The concubine replied, "How can Xu Gong compare to you?" The next day, a guest came over and sat down to talk. Zi Ji asked the guest, "Who is more beautiful, me or Xu Gong?" The guest replied, "Xu Gong is not as beautiful as you." The next day, Xu Gong came over, and Zi Ji found himself not as beautiful as Xu Gong. He looked at himself in the mirror again and found that he was much worse than Xu Gong. That night, he thought about it and said to his wife, "My wife admires me because she loves me; my concubine admires me because she fears me; and the guest admires me because he wants something from me. Now, when I ask them, they all say I am beautiful. I think I am beautiful myself