《苏武传》原文及对照翻译

《苏武传》原文及对照翻译

《苏武传》是我国古代文学家司马迁所著《史记》中的一篇传记，讲述了汉朝时期大臣苏武出使匈奴，被匈奴扣留十九年，历经磨难，最终忠贞不屈、坚守信仰的故事。本文将对《苏武传》原文进行解读，并对照翻译，以展现其独特的文学魅力。

原文：

苏武，字子卿，杜陵人也。武帝元狩中，使匈奴。匈奴得武，留之十九年，武不屈其节。匈奴以其在汉久，遣武还。既至匈奴，武使匈奴与汉和亲，匈奴不遣武归汉。武留匈奴，匈奴以为神，号武为“苏武神”。武在匈奴，匈奴欲降武，武不屈，匈奴益敬武。匈奴单于欲以武为婿，武辞曰：“吾有老母，家在汉，不可弃也。”单于怒，令武牧羊，武乃牧羊于北海之野。武牧羊，匈奴使牧羊于北海，欲使武穷饿而死。武穷饿不食，卧起自牧羊。单于怪其壮，问之，武曰：“吾闻之，羊有五则归，吾归汉，当如羊之归五。”单于乃听武归汉。武至汉，汉武皇帝闻之，大惊，召武入宫，问武曰：“子卿在匈奴，十九年矣，胡人所以待子者何如？”武对曰：“臣不敢言，但以死谢之。”汉武皇帝曰：“子卿何忧？朕今以子卿为相国，封侯。”武辞曰：“臣不敢当，但愿以死谢国家。”汉武皇帝曰：“子卿忠贞，朕知之矣。”遂封武为平陵侯，赐以田宅，拜为相国。

对照翻译：

Su Wu, styled Ziqing, was from Duling. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was sent as an envoy to the Xiongnu. When the Xiongnu captured Su Wu, they kept him for十九 years, but he did not yield to their pressure. The Xiongnu, recognizing his long stay in Han, decided to send him back. Upon his return, Su Wu was tasked with negotiating a peace treaty between the Xiongnu and Han, but the Xiongnu refused to send him back to Han. Su Wu remained in the Xiongnu, who regarded him as a god, and called him the "Su Wu God." While in the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu tried to persuade Su Wu to surrender, but he refused, earning him even more respect. The Xiongnu's king wanted to marry Su Wu, but Su Wu declined, saying, "I have an elderly mother and a home in Han that I cannot abandon." Enraged, the king ordered Su Wu to tend sheep, and he was sent to the wilds of the North Sea. While tending sheep, the Xiongnu intended to starve Su Wu to death, but he refused to eat, lying down and getting up to tend to the sheep. The king was amazed at his strength and asked him why he was so resilient. Su Wu replied, "I have heard that when a sheep has five, it returns home; when I return to Han, I should be like the sheep returning to its five." The king then allowed Su Wu to return to Han. Upon his return, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was greatly surprised and summoned Su Wu to the palace, asking, "Ziqing, you have been in the Xiongnu for nineteen years. How have the Xiongnu treated you?" Su Wu replied, "I dare not speak of it, but I will die in gratitude." Emperor Wu said, "Why worry, Ziqing? I will now make you the Prime Minister and grant you a title of Marquis." Su Wu declined, saying, "I dare not accept, but I wish to die in gratitude to the country." Emperor Wu said, "Your loyalty and sincerity are known to me." He then granted Su Wu the title of Marquis of Pingling, provided him with land and houses, and appointed him as the Prime Minister.

《苏武传》原文语言精炼，情感真挚，展现了苏武坚贞不屈的品格。对照翻译将原文中的意境和情感传达得淋漓尽致，使读者能够更好地理解这段历史故事。

在原文中，苏武被匈奴扣留十九年，他始终坚守自己的信仰和忠诚。这种精神在对照翻译中得到了充分的体现。翻译者通过运用丰富的词汇和修辞手法，将原文中的“匈奴以其在汉久，遣武还”翻译为“The Xiongnu, recognizing his long stay in Han, decided to send him